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Natural patterns in robotics
Juřicová, Vendula ; Augste, Jan (referee) ; Knoflíček, Radek (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis is focused on the part of the robotics, which is inspired by nature. At first, the reader is introduced into the theory of interdisciplinary terms BIO – ING. The central part is divided in two parts: the inspiration by man and inspiration by animals. In the chapter about man, there are the main biomechanical features introduced as well as the algorithms that are used in the robotics with the human prototype. Some biomechanical constructions and humanoid robots follow. Biomechanical constructions that are inspired by animals dominate the second part. The conclusion includes (among others) a technical and a philosophical reflection on the future of the robotics.
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Morphology and Mobility of Vertebral Column in Human Biology Lower Secondary School Education
Spáčilová, Šárka ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
This master's thesis examines the topic of the structure and mobility of the spine in the teaching of biology in the eighth grade of elementary schools and the third grade of multi-year grammar schools (Gymnasiums). The aim of the thesis is to identify misconceptions held by students within the selected topic. The first part is theoretical. At the start, I analyse curriculum documents and define the term misconception, then I provide a brief description of the anatomy of the spine and trunk and the definition of mobility and in the last section I deal with musculoskeletal disorders, especially the VDT - poor posture and its prevention. The second part of the thesis is practical. Here, I first discuss the methodology of textbook analysis and the questionnaire survey. The aim of the textbook analysis is to determine the scope of the material on the musculoskeletal system in the textbooks, focusing on the topic of spinal structure and mobility. The introductory analysis is followed by a questionnaire compiled to identify students' misconceptions about the given topic. In the second section of the practical part, I evaluate the results of the textbook analysis and the questionnaire survey. The skeletal and muscular system as well as the structure of the spine and disorders of the musculoskeletal system...
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Development of Reading Literacy of Students in Biology Teaching at Lower Secondary School
Vávrová, Gabriela ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
Reading literacy is indispensable literacy for every individual on his way through education and his future full-fledged application in everyday life. Each state aims to increase the level of educational attainment in the country. To develop pupils' reading skills can help them to achieve better results in education, including in science education. For the possibility of developing reading skills, it is necessary to map their current situation in elementary schools. The aim of this work was to map the reading skills of pupils in the teaching of biology at the lower secondary school. For this purpose, a set of six worksheets containing three-tier tasks was created and was solved by 110 pupils in the lower secondary school. When creating the three- tier tasks, the author relied on the theoretical starting points of this work, which include the issues of scientific literacy and reading literacy, including the results of Czech pupils in the tests on literacy skills, the Czech curriculum system and the typology of learning tasks. From the evaluation of the worksheets, it was found that the students answered all the questions from the set of worksheets with an average success rate of 57 %. According to gender, the success rate difference was statistically insignificant.
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Možnosti užití ICT ve výuce biologie člověka na střední škole
STRNAD, David
The integration of modern technologies (ICT) into the educational process has recently been a world-wide trend that reflects the rapid development of these technologies, as well as the needs of the young generation. Digital literacy is not only an important skill, but also a requirement of the society today. The implementation of ICT in teaching then depends not only on material requirements, but, above all, on the digital competencies of teachers and pupils. This work, therefore, deals with the possibilities and opportunities that technology brings to the teaching of human biology at secondary schools in both the full-time and distance learning modes, and the views of students and teachers on its use. The mixed research, which involved 22 teachers and 110 pupilss, was conducted as semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey. The design of a teaching unit with ICT elements on a selected topic in the field of human biology, its implementation, and evaluation is also a part of this work.
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Secondary school students' misconceptions about organization and function of human body
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Jana
In the diploma thesis, misconceptions in the curriculum of human biology in the third and fourth grades of four-year grammar schools were ascertained by means of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was filled in by 92 pupils who had already gone through the thematic unit of human biology. The questionnaire was focused particularly on the circulatory, excretory and respiratory systems. After evaluating the questionnaire, specific misconceptions were identified, especially in the circulatory system. Based on the identified misconceptions, a methodological material was created, which should help to eliminate them in teaching. In one case, the methodological material was verified in practice at the grammar school and in the other case at the MS Teams through so-called focus groups.
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The CLIL method - preparation of materials connecting German language and Biology teaching
HAŠKOVÁ, Tereza
This Bachelor Thesis' aim was to design two teaching units according to the principles CLIL method (Content and Language Integrated Learning). This method allows to connect the teaching of a non-language-based subject (such as natural sciences at the elementary school, or Biology at the highschool level) with teaching of a foreign language - in this particular case the German language. The worksheets were specially designed for teaching of Human biology, concretely the respiratory and circulatory system curriculum.
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University students' understanding and attitude to illustrations in biology textbooks
ZÍKOVÁ, Eva
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out the understanding and subjective opinions of students on illustrations occurring in textbooks of natural history and biology. Another task was to perform an analysis focusing on the illustrations used in the textbook of human biology for primary, secondary and higher education. The literature review focuses on the definition of textbooks, their function and parts with emphasis on the pictorial part of textbooks. Furthermore, selected researches dealing with pictorial material in textbooks are presented. The research itself was conducted among students of the Faculty of Education of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice through a questionnaire survey. The results were then expanded with information obtained by organizing a focus group discussion. In the interview, the students of science teaching discussed the questions from the questionnaire survey and found out more detailed information about the pictures.
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Students' understanding of illustrations used in biology textbooks
HRŮZOVÁ, Marcela
The bachelor's thesis Students' understanding of illustrations used in biology textbooks deals in the first part with what a textbook is, what is its function in education and what is the purpose of the pictorial material contained in it. A partial part is the analysis of selected textbooks of natural history and biology with regard to human biology. Part of the analysis is the analysis of textbooks in terms of the occurrence of illustrations that are in them. Especially their number and type are analyzed. Another part of the bachelor thesis deals with the results of the questionnaire survey. The following discussion discusses the results and compares them with other studies. The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to use a questionnaire survey to find out whether primary school students understand illustrations in science and biology textbooks. Whether they understand them, they can orient themselves in them and whether they are understandable to them. Pupils' attitudes and opinions on illustrations, textbooks and natural sciences in general were also surveyed. A total of 103 pupils aged 14-16 years participated in the research. Each student received a questionnaire of two A4 pages. The subsequent evaluation was carried out on the basis of predetermined criteria. It was found that students like to have pictures in textbooks, most of them would welcome even more. They prefer photos to cartoons. Color illustrations seem to them more attractive. The pictures in the textbooks seem clear to them. When a teacher puts them to the test, most of them claim that it is not difficult for them to describe such a picture. However, there were not many pupils in this survey who correctly described all the pictures that were included in the questionnaire. Only less than 13 % of respondents succeeded.
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Teaching the theme human parasites on grammar school.
Houšková, Barbora ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Havlová, Michaela (referee)
Nowdays, when people travel all around the world and they can become infected with different parasites, teaching about human parasites shouldn't be neglected even in education on primary and grammar schools. In my work, I have mapped the basic knowledge of parasitology and human parasites of students from the selected primary schools and lower grades of grammar schools. For this purpose, I have created a test which examined the knowledge and attitude of the students. The work has also sought to propose a new approach to teaching of the subject in biology lessons. Two different teaching concepts were tested and compared in two paralel classes of the same grammar school. Presented representatives of human parasites, were chosen on the basis of analysis of biology textbooks for basic schools. Final suggestion of teaching at schools, which was teste dat three schools contains powerpoint presentations suitable for use in the lessons and practical exercise taken like didactical games.
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Analysis of used Natural history and Biology textbooks in terms of anthropology, the morphology and anatomy of human
Bártlová, Pavla ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The thesis "Analysis of used Natural history and Biology textbooks in terms of anthropology, the morphology and anatomy of human" is largely empirical work. The aim was to determine the didactis and the difficulty of textbooks which are available in the Czech Republic for the 8th grade of elementary school. The work is complemented with research of using the textbooks in primary schools and lower grammar school in Trebic. The used methods were 2 analysis, according to the specific criteria and own questionnaire for teachers of the subject. Analysis of textbooks is based on the methodology of Prof. Průcha a Doc. Hrabí. Keywords: textbooks, biology, human biology, equipment, level of difficulty, analysis, Trebic .
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